Moving to Tajikistan

Tajikistan is a mountainous, landlocked country bordered by Kazakhstan to the north and China to the east. While it is perhaps not the most popular choice for expats or tourists, Tajikistan does have wonderful natural scenery and rugged, snow-capped peaks that are popular among avid hikers and climbers.

Many expats moving to Tajikistan live and work in the capital city of Dushanbe. Recently, visa laws have been relaxed in the country to follow the example of neighbouring countries and encourage tourism.

Living in Tajikistan as an expat

Tajikistan remains one of the poorest countries in Central Asia, as it has very few natural resources. Although this is slightly improving, more than 20 percent of the country’s nationals live in poverty, with a large portion working in agriculture – particularly cotton farming.

Aluminium and chemical production, refining, and export are the largest contributors to the GDP. The government also encourages foreign investment in agriculture, oil, gas, and hydroelectric power.

If you’re an expat moving to Tajikistan, you’ll likely find work in the diplomatic, NGO, service, education, or healthcare sectors. Few people speak English outside these sectors, so it’s recommended that you learn a few basic Tajik or Russian phrases to make the transition smoother.

Accommodation in Tajikistan is highly affordable, even close to city centres. While housing in large cities is modern and reasonably easily accessible, options in rural areas are few and far between. Tajikistan does have some housing poverty, and many foreigners – especially those only staying for a short amount of time – prefer staying in hotels.

The country does not have extensive transport networks. Marshrutka (minibuses) are the main forms of public transport in cities and towns. Larger buses travel between towns, offering a cheap way to traverse bigger distances. Though much of the country is not widely accessible by train, the capital of Dushanbe has a reasonably accessible railway system.

There are also several taxi services in many of the larger cities. The country’s roads are often in bad condition, and cars with 4x4s are necessary outside cities. If you choose to drive, you will find that it offers great autonomy and the opportunity to explore the beautiful countryside.

Healthcare and emergency resources in the country are extremely limited. Necessary resources can be scarce, and public facilities usually lack sufficient and the latest equipment. Having said this, there are a handful of private clinics in the cities. The government is in the process of introducing mandatory health insurance, but currently, patients largely pay for healthcare in cash. We recommend that you purchase full international health and medical evacuation insurance for yourself and your family.

Tajikistan is relatively safe if you follow basic common sense. However, local law enforcement is severely under-resourced. It is not advisable to travel to rural areas alone or to walk around anywhere alone at night. If you’re staying long-term, you may opt to hire drivers and private security guards.

Cost of living in Tajikistan

The cost of living in Dushanbe is low at 220th out of 226 cities according to Mercer’s 2024 Cost of Living City Ranking, placing it near the bottom of the list. The country boasts decent apartments and family houses available for rent at reasonable prices.

You can expect to spend little on housing, transport, entertainment, and utilities. Food and market prices are occasionally higher. As a largely import-dependent country, Tajikistan’s market and food prices often depend on the export prices of other countries.

Families and children in Tajikistan

State education will likely be below expat standards, but Dushanbe has a small selection of international schools, including those offering the British and International Baccalaureate curricula.

As Tajikistan has beautiful natural features, nature lovers will have a blast here. From Lenin Peak to Iskanderkul, you will have a wide variety of interesting sights to explore. Rokhat Teahouse is also a lovely attraction for any new arrivals, offering tea and beautiful architecture. The country also has a range of historical sites and ruins, perfect for those who are curious and looking to learn more about the country’s history.

Climate in Tajikistan

Tajikistan has an arid continental climate, with hot, sunny summers and cold winters. Rainfall and temperature are highly influenced by the country’s different altitudes, and the mountainous landscape often leads to snow in winter. The hottest month is usually June, and the coldest is January.

Tajikistan is a country with many pros and cons to consider. Experienced expats moving to Tajikistan may find a lifestyle filled with adventure and beautiful scenery, but new arrivals may also have difficulty adjusting to life here. Overall, the country has much to offer prospective residents, and if you plan ahead, you can settle down and live an interesting life here.

Fast facts

Population: Over 10 million

Capital city: Dushanbe (also the largest city)

Neighbouring countries: China is east of Tajikistan, while its other borders are shared with Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, and Kyrgyzstan.

Geography: The terrain is mostly mountainous, with a large system of rivers. The climate changes radically depending on elevation, from freezing temperatures to fairly warm. While there are a few desert areas, Tajikistan is considered the wettest of the Central Asian republics.

Political system: Semi-presidential republic

Major religion: Islam

Main languages: Tajik, Russian​​​​​​​

Currency: Somoni (TJS)​​​​​​​

Time: GMT+5​​​​​​​

Electricity: 220V, 50Hz.​​​​​​​

Internet domain: .tj​​​​​​​

International dialling code: +992​​​​​​​

Emergency contacts: 112​​​​​​​

Transport and driving: Driving is on the right-hand side of the road. Public transport infrastructure is limited, but road networks are adequate, so most expats choose to drive in the country.