Local culture in Myanmar

This guide was written prior to the military coup in Myanmar in February 2021 and is therefore not reflective of the current situation. Travel to Myanmar is currently not advisable due to ongoing civil unrest, armed conflict, and severe restrictions on communications and transportation.

Famously known as the ‘Golden Land’, Myanmar is a country of many idiosyncrasies that come together to make a welcoming and friendly country. Still, expats are likely to experience some difficulty adjusting to the local culture in Myanmar.

As a result of years of conflict, Myanmar is largely undeveloped and much of its population lives in poverty, which may be quite jarring for expats from developed countries. Nevertheless, new arrivals will soon come to appreciate the slow pace of life and the locals’ kindness and trusting nature.

Moving to Myanmar

Language barrier in Myanmar

With 135 ethnic groups, Myanmar is a melting pot of cultures. Owing to Myanmar’s huge geographic size, approximately 100 languages are spoken across the country.

Burmese is the country’s official language and is used as a medium of instruction in schools as well as in business settings. As a result of more than a century of British rule, English is often spoken as a second language in Myanmar, especially in urban centres such as Yangon.

Schools in Myanmar

Dress in Myanmar

Myanmar is a conservative Buddhist society, so locals may take offence at suggestive and revealing clothing. To show respect, ensure you take off your socks and shoes when entering a holy place or a private home. Legs and shoulders should be covered when visiting temples and monasteries.

Religion in Myanmar

Buddhism is integral to Myanmar’s society, and the religion plays a role in both private and public life. As such, monks and nuns are highly regarded and typically offered privileges such as first-class travel on public transport, as well as the highest place at the dinner table. Expats should be aware that monks and nuns should not be touched as a sign of respect and reverence.

Public Transport and Driving in Myanmar

Social customs in Myanmar

As is the case in most Southeast Asian countries, respecting elders and saving face is important in Myanmar. Slightly bow your head when passing an elder to show respect. Also, avoid situations that could confront or embarrass your Burmese counterparts in public, as this could cause them to lose face.

The concept of saving face means that when put on the spot, locals will sometimes say ‘yes’ even when they mean ‘no’, and would rather give wrong information than admit they don’t know something. This can make for some intercultural miscommunication.

It is critical not to touch anyone’s head or feet, even children, as these are considered sacred parts of the body in Myanmar’s culture.

Couples should avoid public displays of affection. While it is perfectly acceptable and common for friends and family members to embrace in public, it is rare for romantic partners.

Politics in Myanmar

Politics is a sensitive topic that is best avoided in Myanmar. Interethnic and religious conflicts are particularly delicate subjects, especially since the Rohingya conflict and the 2021 military coup. Steer clear of demonstrations and political conversations to stay safe.

The military government has announced plans to hold elections in late 2025 or early 2026, although these are widely considered illegitimate by the international community. The military’s control has weakened significantly since the coup, and there are resistance groups and ethnic armies that now control large areas of the country.