Doing Business in Indonesia

Business language

Bahasa Indonesia is the main language in Indonesia. Although English is widely spoken by the younger generation, and especially in Jakarta, it may be useful to have an interpreter or learn a few key phrases in the local language. Dutch and many local dialects are also spoken.

Business dress

Business attire is generally conservative. Suits and ties are appropriate for men in formal business situations, while long-sleeved batik shirts are also acceptable. Women should be well covered and should ensure that they do not expose their shoulders or legs. Due to the heat, loose-fitting cotton fabrics are best.

Business hours

Office hours are usually 8am to 4pm or 9am to 5pm, Monday to Friday. Many offices are also open till about 1pm on Saturdays. Some offices may close for an extended period on Friday afternoons for Muslim prayers.

Greeting

A handshake is given and accompanied by the word 'selamat', meaning peace. Expats should always use the right hand to shake hands; the left is considered unclean. A slight nod of the head is also an acceptable greeting. 

Gifts

Gift-giving etiquette may vary according to the specific ethnic group one is dealing with. Gifts are generally not opened when received and alcohol and pork products should be avoided out of respect for the Muslim culture. Offer and receive gifts with the right hand only.

Gender equality

Indonesia is still a patriarchal society. Although women are not specifically targeted for discrimination in the workplace, men generally still tend to hold more senior positions and earn higher salaries. 

Business culture in Indonesia

Cultural identities in Indonesia have developed over centuries and have been influenced by Chinese, European, Indian and Arabic traditions. Identity in Indonesia is therefore often dictated by one’s ethnic group, family and place of birth. Religious and cultural traditions also play an important role in Indonesian society. This is carried through into Indonesia’s business practices and adapting to the business environment in the country may depend on the city or region in which one is operating, as well as the ethnicity of those who one is doing business with.

Communication

Bahasa Indonesia is the official language of Indonesia. English and Dutch are spoken in many business circles, particularly in Jakarta, while many indigenous languages are also spoken throughout the country. Expats would do well to learn a few key phrases and how to greet their Indonesian counterparts in the local language – this marks a great sign of respect.

Hierarchy

As with the wider Indonesian culture and society, business structures are hierarchical and status is respected. Decisions are made from the top down, although there are usually also group discussions. Titles are very important in Indonesian business circles. Indonesian associates should be addressed by their full title and name.

Saving face

Indonesians are generally friendly and hospitable people and the concept of 'saving face' is important. This concept is about avoiding shame and maintaining harmonious relationships. Indonesians are therefore careful about how they communicate and often adopt an indirect communication style in order to avoid offending anyone. As a result, they may not always say what they mean. Even when the answer is 'yes' it may just indicate that they have heard what someone has said, rather than agreed with the request. This should be taken heed of to avoid confusion when engaging in negotiations with Indonesian business associates.

Relationships

Business decisions may take some time and many meetings may need to be arranged before a final agreement is made; Indonesians like to give careful consideration to any business proposition and they place great emphasis on trust and relationship building. Expats may find that their Indonesian business associates are more interested in building a personal relationship first before entering into any business dealings.

Indonesians also generally prefer to maintain harmony, and one should always maintain a calm demeanour, speaking politely and respectfully during meetings. Trying to put pressure for the hard sell or raising one’s voice during negotiations is not likely to be met with success. 

Dos and don’ts of doing business in Indonesia

• Do exercise patience – Indonesians prefer to take their time and consider business propositions carefully

• Do hold face-to-face meetings as these are generally more effective than written communications in Indonesia

• Don't give or receive anything with the left hand – always use the right hand or both hands together

• Don't stand with your hands on hips or arms folded – both these stances are considered aggressive and rude

• Do leave enough time to get to business meetings, especially in Jakarta and other larger cities, as traffic congestion is a constant hindrance

• Do be respectful of Indonesian associates – avoid applying pressure or being confrontational and speak in a gentle manner in business meetings